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costly stone(s)

  • 1 λίθος

    λίθος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+; in our lit. always masc.)
    ① stone, in general: Mt 3:9 (ZNW 9, 1908, 77f; 341f); 4:3, 6 (Ps 90:12); 7:9; Mk 5:5; Lk 3:8; 4:3, 11 (Ps 90:12); 11:11 v.l.; 19:40 (cp. 4 Esdr 5:5 and the ‘hearing’ πέτραι PGM 36, 263); 22:41; J 8:7, 59; 10:31; Ox 1 recto, 6 (ASyn. 171, 5)=GTh 77 (s. AWalls, VigChr 16, ’62, 71–78; cp. Lucian, Hermotim. 81 p. 826 ὁ θεὸς οὐκ ἐν οὐρανῷ ἐστιν, ἀλλὰ διὰ πάντων πεφοίτηκεν, οἷον ξύλων κ. λίθων κ. ζῴων). Of blood (but πτῶμα pap) of Zachariah, which turned to stone GJs 24:3.
    ② stone, of a special kind
    ⓐ of stones used in building (Dio Chrys. 57 [74], 26; Oenomaus in Eus., PE 5, 24, 4 λίθοι καὶ ξύλοι; Palaeph. p. 62, 7; PPetr II, 13 [18a], 7 [258 B.C.]; Dt 27:5f; 3 Km 6:7; TestSol 2:5 al.; JosAs 2:17) Mt 24:2; Mk 13:1f (LGaston, No Stone on Another, ’70 [fall of Jerus.]); Lk 19:44; 21:6 (λίθος ἐπὶ λίθῳ as Aristippus Fgm. 20 FPhGr [in Diog. L. 2, 72]); Hv 3, 2, 4–9; 3, 4, 2f; 3, 5, 1–3; 3, 6, 3; 6f; 3, 7, 1; 5; Hs 9, 3, 3ff al.; λ. καλοί costly stone(s) (prob. kinds of marble; cp. Diod S 1, 66, 3 κάλλιστοι λίθοι; Jos., Ant. 15, 392) Lk 21:5.—1 Cor 3:12 is also classed here by Blass and Dssm., Pls2 1925, 245f (Paul, 1926, 212ff); s. b below.
    ⓑ of precious stones, jewels (TestSol 1:3 al.; TestAbr, JosAs, Joseph.; Ant. 17, 197; Synes., Ep. 3 p. 158b) λίθος καθαρός Rv 15:6 v.l. Mostly in the combination λίθος τίμιος (τιμιώτατος) and mentioned beside gold, silver, or even pearls (Appian, Liby. 66 §297; Herodian 5, 2, 4; Da 11:38 Theod.; 2 Km 12:30; TestSol 1:6; TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 23 [Stone p. 14]; JosAs 2:3; 18:4; cp. TestAbr A 3 p. 80, 12 [Stone p. 8] πολύτιμοι; TestJob 28:5 πολυτελεῖς, ἔνδοξοι; JosAs 2:7 al. πολυτελεῖς); Rv 17:4; 18:12, 16; 21:11, 19 (s. the lit. s.v. ἀμέθυστος. Also FCumont3 246, 87). Likewise in 1 Cor 3:12 the way in which the word is used scarcely permits another mng., and hence we must assume (unless it is enough to think of the edifice as adorned w. precious stones [Diod S 3, 47, 6f: the use of gold, silver, and precious stones in the building of palaces in Sabae; Lucian, Imag. 11 ὁ νεὼς λίθοις τ. πολυτελέσιν ἠσκημένος κ. χρυσῷ]) that Paul either had in mind imaginary buildings (Ps.-Callisth. 3, 28, 4: in the city of Helios on the Red Sea there are 12 πύργοι χρυσῷ καὶ σμαράγδῳ ᾠκοδομημένοι• τὸ δὲ τεῖχος ἐκ λίθου Ἰνδικοῦ κτλ.) as Rv 21:18ff; Is 54:11f; Tob 13:17, or simply mentioned the costliest materials, without considering whether they could actually be used in erecting a building (in Phoenix of Colophon [III B.C.] 1, 9: AnthLG I/33 ’54 Diehl the rich snob thinks of houses ἐγ [=ἐκ] λίθου σμαραγδίτου. S. χρυσίον.—S. a above).—λ. ἴασπις (q.v.) Rv 4:3.
    ⓒ of millstones λ. μυλικός Lk 17:2. Two times as v.l. for μύλος ὀνικός: Mt 18:6; Mk 9:42. v.l. λ. ὡς μύλινος Rv 18:21.
    ⓓ of large stones used to seal graves (Chariton 3, 3, 1 παραγενόμενος εὗρε τ. λίθους κεκινημένους κ. φανερὰν τὴν εἴσοδον) Mt 27:60, 66; 28:2; Mk 15:46; 16:3f; Lk 24:2; J 11:38f, 41; 20:1; GPt 8:32 al. Also of the tables of the Mosaic law 2 Cor 3:7.
    ⓔ of stone images of the gods (Dt 4:28; Ezk 20:32; Just., D. 113, 6) Ac 17:29; 2 Cl 1:6; cp. PtK 2 p. 14, 14; Dg 2:2.
    ⓕ in imagery relating to God’s people and the transcendent (in the pass. fr. Hv 3 and Hs 9 mentioned in 2a above, the tower and its stones are symbolic): of Christ (cp. Just., D. 86, 3) λ. ζῶν 1 Pt 2:4. Likew. of the Christians λίθοι ζῶντες living stones (in the spiritual temple) vs. 5 (JPlumpe, Vivum saxum, vivi lapides: Traditio 1, ’43, 1–14). ὡς ὄντες λίθοι ναοῦ πατρός as building-stones of the Father’s temple IEph 9:1. 1 Pt and B 6:2c, 3 (s. LBarnard, Studia Evangelica, ed. FCross, ’64, III, 306–13: NT and B) also refer to Christ as the λ. ἐκλεκτὸς ἀκρογωνιαῖος 1 Pt 2:6 (cp. Is 28:16; ESiegman, CBQ 18, ’56, 364–79; JElliott, The Elect and the Holy ’66, esp. 16–38; s. ἀκρογωνιαῖος), the λ., ὸ̔ν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες vs. 7 (Ps 117:22)—likew. Mt 21:42; Mk 12:10; Lk 20:17; cp. Ac 4:11; Eph 2:20 v.l. (for lit. s. on κεφαλή 2b)—and finally the λ. προσκόμματος 1 Pt 2:8 (Is 8:14)—likew. Ro 9:32f. The same OT (Is 8:14f) infl. is felt in Mt 21:44; Lk 20:18 (Daimachus [IV B.C.]: 65 Fgm. 8 Jac. speaks in his work περὶ εὐσεβείας of the fall of a holy stone fr. heaven πεσεῖν τὸν λίθον).—SKottek, Names, Roots and Stones in Jewish Lore: Proceedings XXXII Intern. Congr. of History of Medicine, Antwerp n.d. [’91] 63–74; also idem: ANRW II/37/3 p. 2855 n. 53 on use of stones in antiquity. B. 51; 442. DELG. M-M. TW. Spicq.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > λίθος

  • 2 πολυτελής

    -ής,-ές + A 0-1-1-8-5=15 1 Chr 29,2; Is 28,16; Jb 31,24; Prv 1,13; 3,15
    very expensive, costly Wis 2,7; valuable Prv 1,13
    λίθος πολυτελής precious stone Jb 31,24, see also 1 Chr 29,2, Is 28,16, Prv 3,15, 8,11, 31,10, DnLXX
    11,38, 1 Ezr 6,9, Jdt 10,21, Est 5,1c, Sir 45,11, 50,9
    Cf. LABERGE 1978 10(Is 28,16); SEELIGMANN 1948 36(Is 28,16); SPICQ 1978a, 721-722; ZIEGLER 1934
    67(Is 28,16)

    Lust (λαγνεία) > πολυτελής

  • 3 τίμιος

    τίμιος, α, ον (τιμή; Hom.+) gener. ‘held in honor’ (Herodas 4, 5 of altars)
    ① pert. to being of exceptional value
    ⓐ costly, precious Plut., Mor. 486b λίθος Rv 17:4; 18:12a, 16; 21:19; AcPl Ha 1, 11 (cp. Tob 13:17 S; JosAs 2:3; 18:4). Superl. (Jos., Ant. 17, 225 φίλον τιμιώτατον) λίθος τιμιώτατος Rv 21:11. Pl. λίθοι τίμιοι 1 Cor 3:12 (s. λίθος 2b and the lit. s.v. ἀμέθυστος). ξύλον τιμιώτατον Rv 18:12b (on the elative force s. Mussies 71, 128). τίμια ἀρώματα MPol 15:2.
    ⓑ of great worth/value, precious of the blood of Jesus τίμιον αἷμα 1 Pt 1:19; τίμιον τῷ θεῷ precious to God 1 Cl 7:4. τίμιος καρπὸς τῆς γῆς Js 5:7. τὰ τίμια καὶ μέγιστα ἐπαγγέλματα 2 Pt 1:4. τιμίαν ταύτην νηστείαν AcPl Ha 6, 24. Comp. τιμιώτερος w. gen. (Eur., Alc. 301; Menand., Mon. 482; 552 Meinecke [715; 843 Jaekel]): of a martyr’s bones τιμιώτερα λίθων πολυτελῶν (Pr 3:15; ApcEsdr 6:15 p. 33, 2 Tdf. τὸ τίμιον … αὐτοῦ σῶμα) MPol 18:1. Of the δοκίμιον τῆς πίστεως: πολὺ τιμιώτερον χρυσίου 1 Pt 1:7 v.l. (on τιμιώτερον χρυς. cp. Diog. L. 8, 42; EpArist 82; Philo, Sacr. Abel. 83, Det. Pot. Ins. 20; Theophyl. Sim., Ep. 81; cp. PsSol 17:43 χρυσίον τὸ πρῶτον τίμιον).
    ⓒ held in honor, respected (τιμή 2c) τίμιος ὁ γάμος Hb 13:4.
    ⓓ For οὐδενὸς λόγου ποιοῦμαι τὴν ψυχὴν τιμίαν ἐμαυτῷ Ac 20:24 cp. λόγος 1aα, end.
    ② pert. to high status that merits esteem, held in honor/ high regard, respected (oft. in the salutations of papyrus letters; cp. the greeting τιμιώτατε πάτερ TestAbr A 2 p. 78, 21 [Stone p. 4]; τ. Ἀβραάμ 7 p. 84, 24 [St. p. 16] and τίμιε Ἀβραάμ 16 p. 97, 21 [St. p. 42]) τινί by someone (Jos., Bell. 5, 527 τῷ δήμῳ τίμιος, Ant. 1, 273) Ac 5:34; 17:34 v.l.—DELG s.v. τιμή. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > τίμιος

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